[Answered]: Biopsy and histology has been an effective tool…

Biopsy and histology has been an effective tool for staging of colon cancer using Dukes’ staging. This type of staging works well only for very good / very poor prognosis patients (Dukes’ stage A and D), but it is not very informative when predicting long-term outcomes of intermediate prognosis patients (Dukes’ stage B and C). A bigger problem is that a biopsy and a Dukes’ classification provides only a single snapshot in time… within the long natural history of a colon tumor (until the day of biopsy). Molecular staging in colon cancer may have implications, including that Question 3 options: there will be an increase of misdiagnosis. cancer diagnostics will be in the control of the big pharmaceutical companies who will prefer to keep it secret because it will decrease the sales of their most effective chemotherapies and decrease sales. these approaches may provide more accurate and early predictions of patient outcome than is currently possible with clinical staging. the use of molecular techniques will only directly cause an increase in health care costs and therefore be clinically prohibitive. the process itself may cause cancer.